20th Century Composers (Deceased) List

Name Birthyear Birthplace Deathyear Deathplace Nationality Other places where the composer has lived Significant Works

Addinsell, Richard 1904 London, England 1977 London, England British Warsaw Concerto, Film Score: Dangerous Moonlight (1941) included Warsaw Concerto

Albert, Stephen 1941 New York City, NY, United States 1992 American (U.S.) River Run

Alexander, Jeff 1910 Seattle, WA, United States 1989 American (U.S.)

Alfvén, Hugo Emil 1872 1960

Alwyn, William 1905 Northampton, England 1985 British

Amfitheatrof, Daniele 1901 St. Petersburg, Russia 1983 Russian

Anderson, Leroy 1908 Cambridge, MA, United States 1975 Woodbury, CT, United States American (U.S.) The Syncopated Clock, Sleigh Ride, The Typewriter, Blue Tango

Antheil, George 1900 Trenton, NJ, United States 1959 American (U.S.)

Antich, Francisco Deceased

Arlen, Harold 1905 Buffalo, NY, United States 1986 New York, NY, United States American (U.S.) Over the Rainbow (Song from The Wizard of Oz)

Atterberg, Kurt 1887 Göteborg, Sweden 1974 Stockholm, Sweden Swedish Fanal, Symphony No. 6

Aubert, Louis François Marie 1877 Paramé (Ill-et-Vilaine), France 1968 Paris, France French The Blue Forest

Auric, Georges 1899 Lodève, France 1983 Paris, France French Film score: Moulin Rouge (1952)

Axt, William 1882 New York City, NY, United States 1959 American (U.S.) Silent film scores including The Big Parade (1925), Ben-Hur (1926) and Don Juan (1926)

Bacewicz, Grazyna 1909 1969

Badings, Henk 1907 1987

Bantock, Granville 1868 London, England 1946 London, England British Pilgrim's Progress

Barber, Samuel 1910 West Chester, PA, United States 1981 New York, NY, United States American (U.S.) The School for Scandal Overture (1932), Adagio for Strings (1936), Vanessa (1958), Piano Concerto No. 1 (Op. 38, 1962), Antony and Cleopatra (1966)

Bartók, Béla 1881 Nagyszentmiklos, Romania (then Hungary) 1945 New York, NY, United States Hungarian 6 String Quartets (1908-39), Allegro barbaro (1911), Microkosmos (6 books, 1926-39), Music for Strings, Percussion and Celesta (1936), Concerto for Orchestra (1943)

Bauer, Marion 1897 1955

Bax, Arnold 1883 London, England 1953 Cork, Ireland British Seven Symphonies, Garden of Fand, Tintagel, Film Score: Oliver Twist (1948)

Beach, Amy 1867 Henniker, NH, United States 1944 New York, NY, United States American (U.S.) Cabildo

Bella, Ján Levoslav 1843 Lipto-Szentmiklés, Hungary 1936 Bratislava, Hungary Hungarian Sonata Piece for Piano Sonatina, Four Little Pieces Variations Op. 9 and 21, String Quartet Op. 25, String Quintet in D Minor

Benjamin, Arthur 1893 Sydney, Australia 1960 London, England Australian Four operas, film scores: The Man Who Knew Too Much (1934), The Scarlet Pimpernel (1935) and a symphony

Berg, Alban 1885 Vienna, Austria 1935 Vienna, Austria Austrian String Quartet (1910), Wozzeck (1917-22), Lyric Suite (1928), Violin Concerto (1935), Lulu (Unfinished-1935)

Bergsma, William 1921 Oakland, CA, United States 1994 American (U.S.)

Berio, Luciano 1925 Oneglia, Italy 2003 Rome, Italy Italian United States Circles (1960), Sequenza III (1966), Sinfonia (1968), Recital I (1972), Cries of London (1974), Coro (1977)

Berkeley, Lennox 1903 1989

Bernstein, Leonard 1918 Lawrence, MA, United States 1990 New York, NY, United States American (U.S.) Jeremiah Symphony (1942), On the Town (1944), Candide (1956), West Side Story (1957), Mass (1971)

Binge, Ronald 1910 Derby, England 1979 Ringwood, England British A Scottish Rhapsody, The Whispering Valley Trade Winds Concerto for Alto Saxophone, Saturday Symphony

Blacher, Boris 1903 Niu-chang, China 1975 Berlin, Germany German Variations on a Theme of Paganini

Bliss, Arthur 1891 London, England 1975 London, England British Christopher Columbus

Blitzstein, Marc 1905 1964

Bloch, Ernest 1880 Geneva, Switzerland 1959 Portland, OR, United States Swiss Belgium Macbeth (1909), Schelomo (1916), 5 string quartets (1916-56), Concerto Grosso No. 1 (1925), Voice in the Wilderness (1936)

Blomdahl, Karl-Birger 1916 1968

Boulanger, Lili 1893 Paris, France 1918 Mézy, France French Sicilienne and Marche gaie, Poème symphonique

Boulanger, Nadia 1887 Paris, France 1979 Paris, France French Les heures claires (1912)

Bradshaw, Merrill 1929 2000 American (U.S.)

Brian, Havergal 1876 Staffordshire, England 1972 Sussex, England British

Bridge, Frank 1879 Brighton, England 1941 Eastbourne, England British Lament, The Christmas Rose

Britten, Benjamin 1913 Lowestoft, England 1976 Aldeburgh, England British United States Variations on a Theme of Frank Bridge (1937), Serenade (Op. 31, 1943), Peter Grimes (1945), Billy Budd (1951), War Requiem (1961)

Brown, Earle 1926 2002 American (U.S.)

Bush, Geoffrey 1920 1998 British

Busoni, Ferruccio 1866 Empoli, Italy 1924 Berlin, Germany German/Italian Austria Piano Concerto (1904), Elegies (1907), Arlecchino (1916), Doktor Faust (unfinished, 1924)

Cage, John 1912 Los Angeles, CA, United States 1992 New York, NY, United States American (U.S.) Sonatas and Interludes (1946-48), Music of Changes (1951), Imaginary Landscape V (1952), 4:33 (1952), Fontana Mix (1958)

Canal, Marguerite 1890 1978

Canteloube, Marie Joseph de Calaret 1879 Annonay, France 1957 Paris, France French Le Mas, Vercingétorix

Caplet, André 1878 Le Havre, France 1925 Neuilly-sur-Seine, France French

Cardew, Cornelius 1936 1981 British Treatise, The Tiger's Mind, The Great Learning, Boolavogue

Carpenter, John Alden 1876 1951

Casadesus, Robert 1899 Paris, France 1972 Paris, France French

Casella, Alfredo 1883 1947 Italian

Cassadó, Gaspar 1897 1966 Spanish

Castelnuovo-Tedesco, Mario 1895 Florence, Italy 1968 Los Angeles, CA, United States Italian Guitar Concerto #1 in D (1939), Sacred Service (1943), Lots of film music (much of it uncredited) including And Then There Were None (1945) and The Loves of Carmen (1948)

Castillo, Ricardo 1894 1996 Guatemalan

Chaminade, Cécile 1857 1944

Chavarri, Eduardo López Deceased

Chávez, Carlos 1899 Mexico City, Mexico 1978 Mexico City, Mexico Mexican Sinfonía de Antigona (Symphony No. 1, 1933), Sinfonía india (Symphony No. 2, 1935), Xochipilli: An Imagined Aztec Music (1940), Symphonies Nos. 4 (1953) and 5 (1953)

Churchill, Frank 1901 1942 Film scores: Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1938), Dumbo (1941) Bambi (1942)

Cilea, Francesco 1866 Palmi, Italy 1950 Varazza, Italy Italian

Clarke, Rebecca 1886 1979

Coates, Eric 1886 Hucknall, England 1957 Chichester, England British

Collins, Anthony 1893 Hastings, England 1963 British

Copland, Aaron 1900 New York City, NY, United States 1990 New York, NY, United States American (U.S.) Piano Variations (1930), Rodeo (1942), A Lincoln Portrait (1942), Fanfare for the Common Man (1942), Appalachian Spring (1944), Symphony No. 3 (1946)

Coppola, Carmine 1910 New York City, NY, United States 1991 American (U.S.)

Cowell, Henry 1897 Menlo Park, CA, United States 1965 Shady, NY, United States American (U.S.) Quartet Romantic (1917), The Aeolian Harp (1923), The Banshee (1925), The United Quartet (1936), Hymns and Fuguing Tunes (1943-63)

Crawford, Ruth (Seeger) 1901 1953 American (U.S.)

Creston, Paul 1906 1985

Curzon, Frederic 1899 1973 British

Dallapiccola, Luigi 1904 1975 Italian Il prigionero (1944-48), Job (1950), Christmas Concerto (1956), Ulisse (1968)

David, Johann Nepomuk 1895 1977

Debussy, Claude 1862 St. Germain-en-Laye, France 1918 Paris, France French Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun (1894), Pelleas et Melisande (1902), La Mer (1905), Preludes for Piano (1909-10, 1912-13), Jeux (1913)

Delage, Maurice 1879 Paris, France 1961 Paris, France French Ballade, Rose d'octobre, L'Alouette, Haï-Kaïs, Homage à Manuel de Falla, Schumann, String Quartet

Delerue, Georges 1925 Roubaix, France 1992 French Film Score: Agnes of God (1985)

Delius, Frederick 1862 Bradford, England 1934 Grez-sur-Loing, France British United States Germany A Village Romeo and Juliet (1901), Sea Drift (1904), Brigg Fair (1907), A Mass of Life (1908), On Hearing the First Cuckoo in Spring (1912)

Denisov, Edison 1929 Tomsk (Siberia), Soviet Union 1996 Russian

Dett, Robert Nathaniel 1882 Drummondsville (Ontario), Canada 1943 Battle Creek, MI, United States Canadian

Deutsch, Adolph 1897 England 1980 British Film Scores: The Maltese Falcon (1941), Some Like It Hot (1959)

Devreese, Godfried 1893 1972 Belgian

d'Indy, Vincent 1851 1931

Dohnányi, Ernst von (Ernö) 1877 Pozsony (now Bratislava), Slovakia (then Hungary) 1960 New York, NY, United States Hungarian Variations on a Nursery Song for piano and orchestra

Dolan, Robert Emmett 1906 Hartford, CT, United States 1972 American (U.S.) Film Score: The Great Gatsby (1949)

Dragon, Carmen 1914 Antioch, CA, United States 1984 American (U.S.) Film Score: Invasion of the Body Snatchers (1956)

Druckman, Jacob 1928 1996

Dupré, Marcel 1886 Rouen, France 1971 Meudon, France French

Durey, Louis 1888 Paris, France 1979 St. Tropez, France French

Duruflé, Maurice 1902 1986

Eimert, Herbert 1897 1972

Einem, Gottfried von 1918 Bern, Switzerland 1996 Oberduernbach, Austria Austrian

Eisler, Hanns 1898 Leipzig, Germany 1962 Berlin, Germany German United States Austria Die Massnahme (Op. 20, 1930), Die Mutter (Op. 25, 1931), Fourteen Ways of Describing the Rain (1940), Chamber Symphony (1940), Rhapsody for large orchestra (1949).

Ellington, Edward Kennedy (Duke) 1899 Washington, DC, United States 1974 New York, NY, United States American (U.S.) Jazz standards, including Creole Love Call (1928), Sophisticated Lady (1933), Ko-Ko (1939), Black, Brown and Beige (1945), Mood Indigo (1959), Film Score: Anatomy of a Murder (1959)

Elston, Arnold 1907 1971 American (U.S.)

Elwell, Herbert 1898 1974 American (U.S.)

Enescu, Georges 1881 Liveni-Virnav, Romania 1955 Paris, France Romanian

Falla, Manuel de 1876 Cadiz, Spain 1946 Alta Gracia, Argentina Spanish France El Amor brujo (1915), El Sombrero de tres picos (1919), El Retablo de maese Pedro (1922), Harpsichord Concerto (1926)

Feldman, Morton 1926 New York City, NY, United States 1987 Buffalo, NY, United States American (U.S.) Projection Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 (1950-51), Piece for Four Pianos (1957), The Viola in My Life I-III (1970-71), The Rothko Chapel (1972)

Fielding, Jerry 1922 Pittsburgh, PA, United States 1980 American (U.S.)

Fine, Irving 1913 1962

Fine, Vivian 1913 Chicago, IL, United States 2000 Bennington, VT, United States American (U.S.)

Finzi, Gerald 1901 1956

Foerster, Josef Bohuslav 1859 1951

Foote, Arthur 1853 1937 American (U.S.)

Fortner, Wolfgang 1907 1987

Françaix, Jean 1912 1997

Frankel, Benjamin 1906 London, England 1973 British

Frazzi, Vito Deceased

Friedhofer, Hugo 1902 San Francisco, CA, United States 1981 American (U.S.) Film Score: The Best Years of Our Lifes (1946), The Bishop's Wife (1947)

Furtwängler, Wilhelm 1886 Berlin, Germany 1954 Ebersteinburg, Germany German

Gallon, Noël 1891 1966 French

Gerhard, Roberto 1896 Spain 1970 Spanish England

Gershwin, George 1898 Brooklyn, NY, United States 1937 Beverly Hills, CA, United States American (U.S.) Rhapsody in Blue (1924), Piano Concerto in F (1925), An American in Paris (1928), Porgy and Bess (1935), Various popular songs for Broadway

Gibbs, Cecil Armstrong 1889 Great Baddow, England 1960 Chelmsford, England British

Gilson, Paul 1865 Brussels, Belgium 1942 Brussels, Belgium Belgian

Ginastera, Alberto 1916 Buenos Aires, Argentina 1983 Geneva, Switzerland Argentine Estancia (1941), Piano Sonata (1952), String Quartet No. 2 (1958), Don Rodrigo (1964)

Giordano, Umberto 1867 Foggia, Italy 1948 Milan, Italy Italian

Gipps, Ruth 1921 Bexhill-on-Sea, England 1999 Eastbourne, England British Magnificat and Nunc Dimittis Op 55, Symphony No 3 Op 57

Glanville-Hicks, Peggy 1912 1990

Glière, Reinhold 1875 Kiev, Russia 1956 Moscow, Russia Russian

Goldschmidt, Berthold 1903 1996

Golubev, Yevgeny (or various spellings) Deceased Russian

Gomá, Enrique Deceased

Gould, Morton 1913 1996 American (U.S.) Fall River Legend, West Point Symphony, Jekyll and Hyde Variations, Stringmusic

Grainger, Percy 1882 Melbourne, Australia 1961 White Plains, NY, United States Australian Handel in the Strand, Irish Tune from County Derry, Molly on the Shore, Country Gardens, The Warriors, A Lincolnshire Posy

Grechaninov, Alexander 1864 Moscow, Russia 1956 New York, NY, United States Russian

Green, John 1908 New York City, NY, United States 1989

Griffes, Charles Tomlinson 1884 1920

Grofé, Ferde 1892 New York City, NY, United States 1972 Santa Monica, CA, United States American (U.S.) Grand Canyon Suite, orchestrator of Gershwin's Rhapsody in Blue

Grovlez, Gabriel 1879 Lille, France 1944 Paris, France French Psyché, Coeur de rubis, Le Marquis de Carabas, London Voluntaries, Le Reposoir des amants, La Vengeance des fleurs

Gruenberg, Louis 1884 Brest-Litovsk, Russia 1964 Russian

Guarneri, Carmago 1907 São Paulo, Brazil 1993 São Paulo, Brazil Brazilian

Guastavino, Carlos 1912 Santa Fe Province, Argentina 2000 Santa Fe Province, Argentina Argentine England Romance del Plata (Sonatina), Tres Romances, La Siesta Las Presencias

Gui, Vittorio 1885 1975 Italian

Hába, Alois 1893 1973 Czech

Hageman, Richard 1882 Leeuwarden, Holland 1966

Hanson, Howard 1896 Wahoo, NE, United States 1981 Rochester, NY, United States American (U.S.) Symphony Nos. 2 (1930) and 4 (1943), The Merry Mount (1933)

Harline, Leigh 1907 Salt Lake City, UT, United States 1969 American (U.S.) Film Scores: Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1938), Pinocchio (1940)

Harling, W. Franke 1887 London, England 1958 British

Harris, Roy 1898 Near Chandler (Lincoln County), OK, United States 1979 Santa Monica, CA, United States American (U.S.) When Johnny Comes Marching Home (1935), 10 Symphonies, esp. Symphony #3 (1939), Kentucky Spring (1949)

Hartmann, Karl Amadeus 1905 1963

Harty, Hamilton 1879 1941

Hatley, Marvin 1905 Reed, OK, United States 1986 American (U.S.)

Haubenstock-Ramati, Roman 1919 1994

Hauer, Josef Matthias 1883 1959

Hayasaka, Fumio 1914 Minagi, Japan 1955 Japanese Film Score: The Seven Samurai (1954)

Heiden, Bernard 1910 2000 German

Heindorf, Ray 1908 Haverstraw, NY, United States 1980 American (U.S.)

Herrmann, Bernard 1911 New York City, NY, United States 1975 Los Angeles, CA, United States American (U.S.) Film Scores: Citizen Kane (1941), The Man Who Knew Too Much (1956), Vertigo (1958), North by Northwest (1959), Psycho (1960)

Herschkowitz, Philip (or various spellings) 1906 Rumania 1989 Rumanian Soviet Union Austria

Heymann, Werner R. 1896 Königsberg, Germany 1950 German

Hill, Alfred 1870 Melbourne, Australia 1960 Sydney, Australia Australian

Hiller, Lejaren 1924 1994

Hindemith, Paul 1895 Hanau, Germany 1963 Frankfurt, Germany German United States Switzerland Kammermusik Nos. 1-7 (1922-1927), Das Marienleben (1923), Cardillac (1926), Mathis der Maler (1935), Symphonic Metamorphosis on Themes of Carl Maria von Weber (1943)

Holbrooke, Joseph 1878 Croydon, England 1958 London, England British

Hollander, Frederick 1896 England 1976 British

Holmboe, Vagn 1909 1996

Holst, Gustav 1874 Cheltenham, England 1934 London, England British Savitri (1908), St. Paul's Suite (1913), The Planets (1917)

Honegger, Arthur 1892 Le Havre, France 1955 Paris, France Swiss Switzerland Le roi David (1921), Pacific 231 (1923), Jeanne d'Arc au bûcher (1935)

Hopekirk, Helen 1856 1945

Hopkins, Kenyon 1912 1983

Hovhaness, Alan 1911 Somerville, MA, United States 2000 Seattle, WA, United States American (U.S.) And God Created Whales

Howe, Mary 1882 1964

Howells, Herbert 1892 1983

Hüe, Georges Adolphe 1858 1948 French

Ibert, Jacques 1890 Paris, France 1962 Paris, France French Escales (1922), Concerto for Flute and Orchestra (1934)

Ippolitov-Ivanov, Mikhail 1859 1935

Ireland, John 1879 Inglewood, England 1962 Washington, England British

Ishii, Maki 1936 2003 Japanese

Ives, Charles 1874 Danbury, CT, United States 1954 New York, NY, United States American (U.S.) Four Symphonies (1898, 1902, 1904, 1916), A Symphony: New England Holidays (1913), Three Places in New England (1914), Piano Sonata No.2 (Concord, 1915)

Jacob, Gordon 1895 1984 British

Janácek, Leoš 1854 Hukvaldy (Moravia), Czechoslovakia 1928 Ostava, Czechoslovakia Czech Jenufa (1894-1903), Katya Kabanová (1919-21), The Cunning Little Vixen (1924), Glagolitic Mass (1926), Sinfonietta (1926), From the House of the Dead (1927-28)

Janssen, Werner 1899 New York City, NY, United States 1990 American (U.S.)

Jaques-Dalcroze, Emile 1865 1950

Jolivet, André 1905 1974

Jongen, Joseph 1873 1953

Joyce, Archibald 1873 1963 British

Kabalevsky, Dmitri Borisovich (Kabalewsky) 1904 St. Petersburg, Russia 1987 Moscow, Russia Russian Colas Breugnon (1938), The Comedians (1940), Cello Concerto Nos. 1 (1948-1949) and 2 (1964), Requiem (1963)

Kaminski, Joseph 1903 Odessa, Russia 1972 Tel-Aviv, Israel Russian

Kaper, Bronislau 1902 Warsaw, Poland 1983 Polish Film Scores: Lili (1953), Mutiny on the Bounty (1962)

Kaplan, Sol 1913 Philadelphia, PA, United States Deceased American (U.S.)

Kapralova, Vitezslava 1915 Brno, Czechoslovakia 1940 Montpellier, France Czech

Karas, Anton 1906 Vienna, Austria 1985 Austrian

Karg-Elert, Sigfrid 1877 Oberndorf am Neckar, Germany 1933 Leipzig, Germany German

Kay, Ulysses 1917 Tucson, AZ, United States 1995 Englewood, NJ, United States American (U.S.) Italy (Fulbright and Prix de Rome) Forever Free, Herald, Chariots, Five Winds, Markings

Kern, Jerome 1885 New York City, NY, United States 1945 New York, NY, United States American (U.S.) Broadway musicals such as Showboat and Roberta

Ketelbey, Albert 1875 Birmingham, England 1959 Wight, England British In a Persian Market, In a Chinese Temple Garden, In a Monastery Garden

Khatchaturian, Aram Il'yich 1903 Tiflis, Russia 1978 Moscow, Soviet Union Armenian Violin Concerto (1940), Gayane (Ballet-esp. Sabre Dance, 1942), Spartacus (1954)

Kim, Earl 1920 Dinuba, CA, United States 1998 American (U.S.)

Kiyose, Yasuji 1900 1981 Japanese Shakuhachi Sanjusokyoku - 1964 (Shakuhachi trio, 1964), Nihon Gakki no Tame no Shijusokyoku (Quartet for Japanese instruments, 1965), Shakuhachi - Koto Gojusokyoku (Quintet for 2 shakuhachi and 2 koto, 1965)

Klein, Gideon 1919 1945

Knorr, Ernst-Lothar von 1896 1973 German

Kodály, Zoltán 1882 Kecskemét, Hungary 1967 Budapest, Hungary Hungarian Psalmus hungaricus (1923), Háry János (1925-26), Dances of Galánta (1933)

Koechlin, Charles 1867 1950 French

Korndorf, Nikolai S. 1947 2001 Russian/Canadian

Korngold, Erich Wolfgang 1897 Bruno, Austria 1957 Hollywood, CA, United States Austrian Film Scores: Captain Blood (1935), The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938)

Kosma, Joseph 1905 Budapest, Hungary 1969 Hungarian

Kreisler, Fritz 1875 Vienna, Austria 1962 New York, NY, United States Austrian

Krenek, Ernst 1900 Vienna, Austria 1991 Palm Springs, CA, United States Austrian Jonny spielt auf (1926), Sestina (1957), From Three Make Seven (1961), Fibonacci mobile (1964)

Kubik, Gail 1914 South Coffeyville, OK, United States 1984 Covina, CA, United States American (U.S.) Symphony Concertante, A Mirror for the Sky, In Praise of Johnny Appleseed, Gerald McBoing Boing

Labate, Bruno 1883 1968 Italian/American (U.S.)

Lajtha, Laszlo 1892 1963 Hungarian

Lambert, Constant 1905 1951

Lang, Margaret Ruthven 1867 1971

Lange, Arthur 1889 Philadelphia, PA, United States 1956 American (U.S.)

Larsson, Lars-Erik 1908 1986 Swedish

Lauber, Joseph 1864 1952

Lava, William 1911 St. Paul, MN, United States 1971 American (U.S.)

Lawes, Henry 1882 1967 British

Le Flem, Paul 1881 1984 French

Lecuona, Ernesto 1896 Guanabacoa, Cuba 1963 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Canary Islands Cuban United States Two Zarzuelas (a musical/dramatic form), Malagueña, Andalucía, Rapsodia negra

Lehár, Franz 1870 Komorn, Hungary 1948 Bad Ischl, Austria Hungarian The Merry Widow

Levant, Oscar 1906 Pittsburgh, PA, United States 1972 American (U.S.)

Liebermann, Rolf 1910 1999 Swiss

Lloveras, Guillermo Venegas 1915 Quebradillas, Puerto Rico 1993 Quebradillas, Puerto Rico Puerto Rican (U.S.)

Loeffler, Charles Martin 1861 1935

Loesser, Frank 1910 1969 American (U.S.)

Luening, Otto 1900 1996

Lutoslawski, Witold 1913 Warsaw, Poland 1994 Warsaw, Poland Polish Concerto for Orchestra (1954), Funeral Music (1958), Jeux vénitiens (1961), String Quartet (1964)

Lutyens, Elizabeth 1906 London, England 1983 British

Maderna, Bruno 1920 1973

Maes, Jef 1905 Antwerp, Belgium 1996 Belgian

Mahler, Gustav 1860 Kalischt, Bohemia 1911 Vienna, Austria Bohemian/Austrian United States 10 Symphonies (10th unfinished, 1892-1911), Kindertotenlieder (1904), Das Lied von der Erde (1908)

Mahler-Werfel, Alma 1879 1964

Malipiero, Gian Francesco 1882 1973 Italian

Mancini, Henry 1924 Cleveland, OH, United States 1994 Beverly Hills, CA, United States American (U.S.) Film Scores: Breakfast at Tiffany's (1961), The Pink Panther (1964), Victor/Victoria (1982)

Manookin, Robert P. 1918 Salt Lake City, UT, United States 1997 Orem, UT, United States American (U.S.)

Maros, Rudolf 1917 1982 Turkish

Martin, Frank 1890 Geneva, Switzerland 1974 Naarden, Netherlands Swiss Mass for Double Chorus (1926), Sechs Monologe aus Jedermann (1943), Petite symphonie concertante (1945)

Martinu, Bohuslav 1890 Policka, Czechoslovakia 1959 Basel, Switzerland Czech France United States Julietta (1938), Double Concerto (1939), Symphony No. 6 (1953)

Mascagni, Pietro 1863 1945

Mayerl, Billy 1902 1959 British

Medtner, Nikolai Karlovich 1880 1951 Russian

Mellnäs, Arne 1933 2002 Swedish

Mendelssohn, Arnold 1855 1933 König David, Salomo

Mennin, Peter 1923 Erie, PA, United States 1983 New York, NY, United States American (U.S.)

Messiaen, Olivier 1908 Avignon, France 1992 Paris, France French Quatuor pour la fin du temps (1941), Turangalîla-Symphonie (1948), Mode de valeurs et d'intensités (1949), Oiseaux exotiques (1956), Chronochromie (1960)

Miaskovsky, Nikolai Yakovlevich 1881 Novogeorgyevsk, Russia 1950 Moscow, Russia Russian Nevermore, Alastor

Michelet, Michel 1899 Kiev, Russia Deceased Russian

Milhaud, Darius 1892 Aix-en-Provence, France 1974 Geneva, Switzerland French United States Le boeuf sur le toit (1919), La création du monde (1923), Le Train bleu (1924), Christophe Colomb (1928)

Miyagi, Michio 1895 1956 Japanese

Mockridge, Cyril J. 1896 England 1979 British Film Scores: Miracle on 34th Street (1947), How to Marry a Millionaire (1953)

Moeran, Ernest John 1894 Heston (Middlesex), England 1950 Kenmare (County Kerry), Ireland British Violin Concerto, Orchestral Rhapsodies from 2 pieces for Small Orchestra, Serenade in G Major

Mompou, Federico 1893 1987

Montemezzi, Italo 1875 1952

Montsalvatge, Xavier 1912 Gerona, Spain 2002 Barcelona, Spain Spanish Sinfonía de réquiem

Moore, Douglas 1893 Cutchoque, NY, United States 1969 Greenport, NY, United States American (U.S.) The Headless Horseman, The Devil and Daniel Webster, Giants in the Earth, The Ballad of Baby Doe, Wings of the Dove, The Greenfield Christmas Tree

Moross, Jerome 1913 Brooklyn, NY, United States 1983 American (U.S.)

Moyzes, Alexander 1906 Klastor pod Znievom, Middle Slovakia 1984 Bratislava, Slovak Republic Hungarian Gemer and Pohronie Dances, Down the Vah

Murray, Lyn 1909 Pacific Palisades, CA, United States 1989 American (U.S.)

Nancarrow, Conlon 1912 1997

Nelson, Oliver 1932 St. Louis, MO, United States 1975 American (U.S.)

Newman, Alfred 1901 New Haven, CT, United States 1970 American (U.S.) Film Scores: The Grapes of Wrath (1940), The Song of Bernadette (1943), The Robe (1953), How the West Was Won (1963)

Newman, Lionel 1916 New Haven, CT, United States 1989 American (U.S.) Film Score: There's No Business Like Show Business (1954)

Nielsen, Carl 1865 Norre-Lyndelse, Denmark 1931 Copenhagen, Denmark Danish Six Symphonies (1892-1925), Saul og David (1901), Maskarade (1906), Woodwind Quintet (1922)

Nono, Luigi 1924 Venice, Italy 1990 Venice, Italy Italian Il canto sospeso (1956), Intolleranza 1960 (1961), Ein Gespenst geht um in der Welt (1971), Al gran sole carico d'amore (1975)

Nordgren, Eric 1913 Sireköping, Sweden 1992 Swedish

North, Alex 1910 Chester, PA, United States 1991 American (U.S.) Film Scores: A Streetcar Named Desire (1951), Spartacus (1960), Cleopatra (1964)

Novak, Vitezslav 1870 1949 Czech

Orff, Carl 1895 Munich, Germany 1982 Munich, Germany German Carmina Burana (1937), Der Mond (1937-38), Die Kluge (1943)

Ornstein, Leo 1893 Kremenchug, Ukraine 2002 Green Bay, WI, United States Ukranian Evening Song of the Cossack, Lysistrata Suite, Some New York Scenes, Piano Sonatas 7 and 8

Paderewski, Ignace Jan 1860 1941

Palmgren, Selim 1878 1951 Finish

Panufnik, Andrezej 1914 1991

Partch, Harry 1901 Oakland, CA, United States 1974 San Diego, CA, United States American (U.S.) Li Po Songs (1930-33), Oedipus (1951), And on the Seventh Day Petals Fell on Petaluma (1964), Delusion of the Fury (1966)

Peeters, Flor 1903 Thielen, Belgium 1986 Antwerp, Belgium Belgian

Peiko, Nikolai 1916 Moscow, Soviet Union 1995 Russian

Pepping, Ernst 1901 1981

Persichetti, Vincent 1915 Philadelphia, PA, United States 1987 Philadelphia, PA, United States American (U.S.) The Sybl, Symphony for Band (no. 6), Psalm, Divertimento, 9 Symphonies

Pettersson, Allan 1911 1980

Pfitzner, Hans 1869 Moscow, Russia 1949 Salzburg, Austria German Germany Palestrina (1915), Von deutscher Seele (1921), Das dunkle Reich (1929)

Piazzolla, Astor 1921 Mar del Plata, Argentina 1992 Buenos Aires, Argentina Argentine United States Five Tango Sensations, Exile of Gardel, Sur

Pijper, Willem 1894 1947

Pirchner, Werner 1940 2001 Austrian

Piston, Walter 1894 Rockland, ME, United States 1976 Belmont, MA, United States American (U.S.) The Incredible Flutist (1938), Symphony No. 3 (1947), Symphony No. 7 (1960)

Pizzetti, Ildebrando 1880 1968 Italian

Plumb, Edward 1907 Streator, IL, United States 1958 American (U.S.) Film Scores: Bambi (1942), Saludos Amigos (1943), The Three Caballeros (1944)

Ponce, Manuel 1882 1948

Porter, Quincy 1897 1966 American (U.S.)

Poston, Elizabeth 1905 1987

Poulenc, Francis 1899 Paris, France 1963 Paris, France French Stabat Mater (1950), Les dialogues des Carmélites (1956), La voix humaine (1958), Gloria (1959)

Powell, Melvin 1923 1998 American (U.S.) Duplicates: A Concerto for Two Pianos and Orchestra

Previn, Charles 1888 Brooklyn, NY, United States 1973 American (U.S.)

Price, Florence 1887 Little Rock, AR, United States 1953 Chicago, IL, United States American (U.S.) Symphony in E Minor

Prokofiev, Sergei (Sergey) 1891 Soutzovka, Ukraine 1953 Moscow, Russia Russian France Symphony No. 1 (Classical, 1917), The Love for Three Oranges (1921), Peter and the Wolf (1936), Romeo and Juliet (1938), Alexander Nevsky (1939), War and Peace (1943)

Pryor, Arthur 1870 1942 American (U.S.)

Quilter, Roger 1877 Hove (Sussex), England 1953 London, England British O Mistress Mine, Op. 6 No. 2, Now Sleeps the Crimson Petal, Op. 3, I Arise from Dreams of Thee, Op. 29, Go, Lovely Rose, from Five English Love Lyrics Op. 24

Rabaud, Henri 1873 1949 French

Rachmaninov, Sergei (Sergey) 1873 Novgorod, Russia 1943 Beverly Hills, CA, United States Russian Symphony No. 1 (1897), Piano Concerto Nos. 2 (1901) and 3 (1909), Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini (Op. 43, 1934)

Rainier, Priaulx 1903 1986

Rakov, Nikolai 1908 1990 Russian

Ravel, Maurice 1875 Ciboure (Basses-Pyrénées), France 1937 Paris, France French Rapsodie espagnole (1908), Daphnis et Chloé (1912), Le tombeau de Couperin (1917), La Valse (1920), Boléro (1928), Piano Concerto for Left Hand (1930)

Reger, Max 1873 Brand (Upper Palatinate), Germany 1916 Leipzig, Germany German Symphonic Fantasy and Fugue for Organ, Op. 57 (1910), Variations and Fugue on a Theme of Mozart, Op. 132 (1914)

Respighi, Ottorino 1879 Bologna, Italy 1936 Rome, Italy Italian Fontane di Roma (1916), Antiche Arie e danze per liuto Nos. 1 (1917), 2 (1924) and 3 (1932), Pini di Roma (1924), Rossiniana (1925)

Revueltas, Silvestre 1899 1940 String Quartet No. 1

Riddle, Nelson 1921 Hackensack, NJ, United States 1985 American (U.S.)

Ridout, Godfrey 1918 Toronto, Canada 1984 Toronto, Canada Canadian Ballade for Viola and String Orchestra

Riegger, Wallingford 1885 1961

Robertson, Leroy 1896 1971 American (U.S.)

Rodgers, Richard 1902 1979 American (U.S.) Broadway Musicals: Oklahoma!, Carousel, South Pacific, The Sound of Music

Rodrigo, Joaquín 1901 Valencia, Spain 1999 Madrid, Spain Spanish France Concierto de Aranjuez (1939), Fantasia para un gentilhombre (1954), Concierto madrigal (1966), Concierto andaluz (1967)

Roemheld, Heinz 1901 Milwaukee, WI, United States 1985 American (U.S.)

Roger-ducasse, Jean 1873 1954 French

Romberg, Sigmund 1887 1951

Ropartz, Joseph-Guy 1864 Guingamp (Côtes-du-Nord), France 1955 Lanloup, France French 5 symphonies, Requiem

Rota, Nino 1911 Milan, Italy 1979 Italian Film Scores: Romeo and Juliet (1968), The Godfather (1972)

Roussel, Albert 1869 Tourcoing, France 1937 Royan, France French Le festin de l'araignée (1913), Bachus et Ariane (1931)

Roxburgh, David John 1951 2001 Canadian

Rózsa, Miklos 1907 Budapest, Hungary 1995 Hungarian Film Scores: Thief of Bagdad (1940), Spellbound (1945), A Double Life (1947), Ben-Hur (1959)

Rubbra, Edmund 1901 1986 British

Ruggles, Carl 1876 Marion, MA, United States 1971 Bennington, VT, United States American (U.S.) Sun Treader, Angels

Russolo, Luigi 1885 1947 Italian A Meeting of Motorcars and Aeroplanes, The Wakening of a Great City

Salter, Hans J. 1896 Vienna, Austria 1994 Austrian

Satie, Erik 1866 Honfleur, France 1925 Paris, France French Troi gymnopédies (1888), Trois gnossiennes (1889-97), Vexations (1893), Parade (1916-17), Socrate (1917-18)

Sauguet, Henri 1901 1989

Sawtell, Paul 1906 Poland 1970 Polish

Schat, Peter 1935 2003 Dutch

Schick, Philippina 1893 1970

Schmidt, Franz 1874 Pressburg (Pozsony - now Bratislava), Hungary (now Slovakia) 1939 Vienna, Austria Hungarian/Austrian Notre Dame, Das Buch mit sieben Siegeln, Four symphonies, organ works, and many chamber works

Schmitt, Florent 1870 1958

Schnittke, Alfred 1934 Engels, Soviet Union 1998 Hamburg, Germany Russian Concerto Grosso No. 1 (1977), Symphony No. 1 (1988), Historia von D. Johann Fausten (1995). 9 symphonies, 6 concerti grossi, 4 violin concertos, 2 cello concertos, concertos for piano and a triple concerto for violin, viola and cello, as well as 4 string quartets and much other chamber music, ballet scores, choral and vocal works. More than 60 film scores.

Schoeck, Othmar 1886 1957

Schoenberg, Arnold 1874 Vienna, Austria 1951 Los Angeles, CA, United States Austrian Germany Verklärte Nacht (1899), Pierrot lunaire (1912), Five Piano Pieces (Op. 23, 1923), Variations for Orchestra (1928), Moses und Aron (unfinished-1932)

Schreker, Franz 1878 Monaco 1934 Berlin, Germany Monaco Austria Der ferne Klang (1912)

Schulhoff, Ervin 1894 1942

Schuman, William 1910 New York City, NY, United States 1992 New York, NY, United States American (U.S.) Secular Cantata No. 2, A Free Song

Scott, Cyril 1879 1970 British

Searle, Humphrey 1915 1982

Seeger, Charles 1886 Mexico City, Mexico 1979 American (U.S.)

Seiber, Mátyás 1905 1960

Sentenat, César Pérez 1896 1973 Cuban Suite cubana

Sessions, Roger 1896 Brooklyn, NY, United States 1985 Princeton, NJ, United States American (U.S.) Germany The Black Maskers (1923), Nine Symphonies (1927-1978), When Lilacs Last in the Door-yard Bloom'd (1970), Concerto for Orchestra (1981)

Shebalin, Vissarion 1902 1963 Russian

Shepherd, Arthur 1880 1958

Shifrin, Seymour 1926 1979 American (U.S.)

Shilkret, Nathaniel 1895 New York City, NY, United States 1982 American (U.S.)

Shostakovich, Dmitri (Dimitry) 1906 St. Petersburg, Russia 1975 Moscow, Russia Russian Fifteen symphonies (1925-71), Lady Macbeth of the Mtsensk (1932)

Sibelius, Jean 1865 Hämeenlinna, Finland 1957 Järvenpää, Finland Finnish Finlandia (Op. 26, 1899), Symphony Nos. 1 (1899), 4 (1911) and 7 (1924), String Quartet (

Voces intimae 1889 New York City, NY, United States 1954 American (U.S.) Film Score: The Jazz Singer (1927)

Simpson, Robert 1921 1997

Skalkottas, Nikos 1904 1949

Skinner, Frank 1898 Meredosia, IL, United States 1968 American (U.S.)

Skryabin, Alexander (Scriabin) 1872 Moscow, Russia 1915 Moscow, Russia Russian 10 sonatas for piano (1892-1913), Piano Concerto (1896), Symphony No. 4 (Le poéme de l'extase, 1908), Symphony No. 5 (Prométhée, 1908-10)

Smith, Paul J. 1906 Calumet, MI, United States 1985 American (U.S.) Film Scores: Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1938), Pinocchio (1940), Cinderella (1950), 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea (1954)

Smyth, Ethel 1858 1944

Snell, David 1897 Milwaukee, WI, United States 1967 American (U.S.)

Somers, Harry 1925 Toronto, Canada 1999 Toronto, Canada Canadian Louis Riel

Sowerby, Leo 1895 Grand Rapids, MI, United States 1968 Port Clinton, OH, United States American (U.S.) The Canticle of the Sun

Stein, Herman 1915 Philadelphia, PA, United States 1985 American (U.S.)

Stein, Ronald 1930 St. Louis, MO, United States 1988 American (U.S.)

Steiner, Max 1888 Vienna, Austria 1971 Austrian Film Scores: King Kong (1933), Gone with the Wind (1939), Casablanca (1943)

Stenhammar, Wilhelm 1871 1927

Stephens, Evan 1854 Pencader (Carmarthenshire), South Wales 1930

Stevens, Bernard 1916 London, England 1983 Essex, England British Symphony of Liberation

Stevens, Halsey 1908 1989

Stevens, Leith 1909 Mount Moriah, MO, United States 1970 American (U.S.)

Still, William Grant 1895 Woodville, MS, United States 1978 Los Angeles, CA, United States American (U.S.) Afro-American Symphony, Suite for Violin and Piano, The Three Visions, Troubled Island, Sahdji, Danzas de Panama, Africa, The Peaceful Land

Stothart, Herbert 1885 Milwaukee, WI, United States 1949 American (U.S.) Film Score: The Wizard of Oz (1939)

Strauss, Oscar 1870 Vienna, Austria 1954 Bad Ischl, Austria Austrian

Strauss, Richard 1864 Munich, Germany 1949 Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany German Tod und Verklärung (1889), Ein Heldenleben (1898), Salome (1905), Elektra(1908), Der Rosenkavalier (1910), Ariadne auf Naxos (1912)

Stravinsky, Igor 1882 Oranienbaum, Russia 1971 New York, NY, United States Russian France L'oiseau de feu (1910), Petrushka (1911), Le sacre du printemps (1913), L'histoire du soldat (1918), Pulcinella (1919), Symphonies of Wind Instruments (1920), Oedipus rex (1927), Symphony of Psalms (1930), Dumbarton Oaks (1938), The Rake's Progress (1951)

Suk, Josef 1874 Krecovice, Czechoslovakia 1935 Benesov, Czechoslovakia Czech

Sutermeister, Heinrich 1910 1995 German

Sutherland, Margaret 1897 1984

Szymanowski, Karol 1882 Tymoshovka, Ukraine 1937 Lausanne, Switzerland Polish Germany Violin Concerto No. 1 (1916), Piano Sonata No. 3 (1917), King Roger (1926), Stabat mater (1926)

Tailleferre, Germaine 1892 Parc-Saint-Maur, France 1983 Paris, France French Petite Suite

Takemitsu, Toru 1930 Tokyo, Japan 1996 Tokyo, Japan Japanese Requiem for Strings (1957), Water Music (1960), ARC I (1963), Kwaidan (1964), November Steps (1967)

Tansman, Alexandre (Aleksander) 1897 1986 Polish

Tcherepnin, Alexander 1899 St. Petersburg, Russia 1977 Paris, France Russian

Tcherepnin, Ivan 1943 Paris, France 1998 French United States

Tcherepnin, Nikolai 1873 1945 Russian

Thompson, Randall 1899 New York City, NY, United States 1984 Boston, MA, United States American (U.S.) Symphony No. 2 (he wrote 3 symphonies)

Thomson, Virgil Garnett 1896 Kansas City, MO, United States 1989 New York, NY, United States American (U.S.) Variations and Fugue on Sunday School Tunes (1926), Symphony on a Hymn Tune (1928), Four Saints in Three Acts (1927-28,33), The Mother of Us All (1947)

Tiomkin, Dimitri 1894 St. Petersburg, Russia 1979 Russian Film Scores: High Noon (1952), Dial M for Murder (1954), The High and the Mighty (1954), Giant (1956)

Tippett, Michael 1905 London, England 1998 London, England British Concerto for Double String Orchestra (1939), A Child of Our Time (1941), Symphony Nos. 1 (1945) and 3 (1972), Four operas

Toch, Ernst 1887 Vienna, Austria 1964 Los Angeles, CA, United States Austrian Symphony No. 3, Op. 75

Tomasi, Henri 1910 1971 French

Tommasini, Vincenzo 1878 1950 Italian

Torch, Sydney 1908 1990 British

Tournemire, Charles 1870 1939 French

Tovey, Donald Francis 1875 1940 English

Truscott, Harold 1914 1992 British

Tubin, Eduard 1905 Torila, Estonia 1982 Stockholm, Sweden Estonian

Turina, Joaquin 1882 1949

Ullmann, Victor 1898 1944

Ussachevsky, Vladimir 1911 Hailar, Manchuria 1990 New York, NY, United States Russian

Varèse, Edgard 1883 Paris, France 1965 New York, NY, United States French Amériques (1921), Ionisation (1931), Density 21.5 (1936), Déserts (1954), Poème électronique (1958)

Vasilenko, Sergei 1872 Moscow, Russia 1956 Moscow, Russia Russian Chinese Suite, Op. 60, No. 1, Hindu Suite, Op. 42, Christopher Columbus

Vaughan Williams, Ralph 1872 Down Ampney, England 1958 London, England British A Sea Symphony (1909), Fantasia on a Theme of Thomas Tallis (1910), Symphony No. 3 (Pastoral, 1916-21), Job (1930), The Pilgrim's Progress (1949)

Victory, Gerard 1921 Dublin, Ireland 1995 Irish Ultima Rerum

Vierne, Louis 1870 1937

Villa-Lobos, Heitor 1887 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 1959 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Brazilian France 14 Chôros (1920-29), Nonet (1923), Rude-poema (1926), 9 Bachianas Brasilieras (1930-45)

Vitols, Jazeps 1863 1948 Latvian

Vorlová, Sláva 1894 1973

Wallace, Oliver 1887 England 1963 American (U.S.) Film Scores: Dumbo, Cinderella (1950), Peter Pan (1953), Lady and the Tramp (1955)

Walton, William Turner 1902 Oldham, England 1983 Ischia, England British Façade (1922), Viola Concerto (1929), Belshazzar's Feast (1931), Symphony No. 1 (1935), Film Scores: Henry V (1945), Hamlet (1948)

Ward, Edward 1896 St. Louis, MO, United States 1971 American (U.S.)

Warlock, Peter 1894 1930

Warren, Elinor Remick 1900 Los Angeles, CA, United States 1991 Los Angeles, CA, United States American (U.S.) The Legend of King Arthur

Waxman, Franz 1906 Königshutte, Germany 1967 German Film Scores: Bride of Frankenstein (1935), Rebecca (1940), Sunset Boulevard (1950), A Place in the Sun (1951)

Webb, Roy 1888 New York City, NY, United States 1982 American (U.S) Film Score: Notorious (1946)

Webern, Anton von 1883 Vienna, Austria 1945 Mittersill, Austria Austrian Passacaglia (Op. 1, 1908), Five Movements for String Quartet (Op. 5, 1909), Five Pieces for Orchestra (Op. 10, 1913), Piano Variations (Op. 27, 1936)

Weill, Kurt 1900 Dessau, Germany 1950 New York, NY, United States German France Der Protagonist (Op. 14, 1926), Mahagonny-Songspiel (1927), Die Dreigroschenoper (1928), Aufstieg und Fall der Stadt Mahagonny (1929), Die sieben Todsünden (1933)

Weinberger, Jaromír 1896 1967

Weisgall, Hugo 1912 1997

Wellesz, Egon 1885 Vienna, Austria 1974 Austrian England

Willan, Healey 1880 1968

Williams, Grace 1906 1977

Wolfes, Felix 1892 Hanover, Germany 1971 German

Wolf-Ferrari, Ermanno 1876 1948

Wolpe, Stefan 1902 Berlin, Germany 1972 New York, NY, United States Austrian The Man From Midian

Wood, Haydn 1882 1959 British Roses of Picardy

Work, Julian Cassander 1910 Nashville, TN, United States 1995 Tolland, MA, United States American (U.S.) Portrait of the Bible

Xenakis, Iannis 1922 Braïla, Romania 2001 Paris, France Greek Greece Metastasis (1954), Achoripsis (1958), Stratégie (1962), Herma (1964), Medea (1967)

Young, Victor 1900 Chicago, IL, United States 1956 American (U.S.)

Ysaÿe, Eugène 1858 1931 Belgian

Yun, Isang 1917 1995

Zamecnik, John Stepan 1872 Cleveland, OH, United States 1953 Los Angeles, CA, United States Silent films composer.

Zandonai, Ricardo 1883 1944

Zappa, Frank 1940 1993

Zemlinsky, Alexander von 1871 Vienna, Austria 1942 Larchmont, NY, United States Austrian

Zimmermann, Bernd Alois 1918 1970

The following resources were used in compiling this lists:

Morgan, Robert P. Twentieth-Century Music. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc., 1991.

Simms, Bryan R. Music of the Twentieth Century: Style and Structure. 2nd ed. New York: Schirmer Books, 1996.

Machlis, Joseph, and Kristine Forney. The Enjoyment of Music: an introduction to perceptive listening. 8th ed., chronological. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc., 1999.

Yudkin, Jeremy. Understanding Music. 3rd ed. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 2002.

Wade-Matthews, Max, and Wendy Thompson. The Encyclopedia of Music: Instruments of the Orchestra and the Great Composers. New York: Hermes House, 2002.

Karlin, Fred. Listening to Movies: The Film Lover's Guide to Film Music. New York: Schirmer Books, 1994.

The Classical Composers. Poster. Los Angeles: Carissimi Publications, 1998.

Estrella, Steven. Dr. Estrella's Incredibly Abridged Dictionary of Composers. Web site: URL = http://www.stevenestrella.com/composers/.

Reale, Paul. UCLA Classical Music Repertoire List. Web page: URL = http://www.minotaurz.com/minotaur/edu/Clrep.html.

Boynick, Matthew. The Classical Music Pages. Web site: URL = http://w3.rz-berlin.mpg.de/cmp/.

Metronome Directory of Composers. Web site: URL = http://www.metronomeprinceton.com/Composers.jsp.

Albertson, Dan and Ron Hannah. The Living Composers Project. Web site: URL = http://composers21.com/.

Hartzell, Lawrence W. Schoenberg the Teacher. Web page: URL = http://homepages.bw.edu/~lhartzel/cc/415/415.infosheets/415.composer%20files/415.schoenteach.html.

The Living Composers Catalog. Web site: URL = http://www.livingcomposers.com.

Helpful submissions by supporters of our research site. Thank you for your help! (Additions or corrections to this or any page on the site can be sent to .)

Compiling this information is a gargantuan task. We appreciate your help!